Turbine housing for air cycle machine

ABSTRACT

A turbine inlet housing has a main housing body extending about a central axis. An inlet duct delivers air into a cavity within the main housing body. Bolt hole bosses are formed on a downstream face of the inlet housing to receive bolts to secure an outlet housing to the inlet housing. A plurality of the bosses have a ramped surface which extends radially outwardly for a greater extent than a second plurality of bosses. The plurality of ramped bosses extend between the downstream face and the duct. The ramped bosses have a forward boss portion, and a ramped surface at an angle of between 50 and 54 degrees extending from an upstream end of the forward boss portion. A curved surface curves from an upstream end of the ramped surface to merge into the duct. A turbine stage and air cycle machine are also disclosed and claimed.

BACKGROUND

This application relates to a unique turbine housing which will be incorporated into an air cycle machine.

Air cycle machines are known, and typically include a pair of turbine stages mounted at opposed ends of the machine, and driving a common shaft. A compressor is mounted intermediate the two turbines, and it is driven by the turbines along with the shaft.

Typically, the turbines may be exposed to ram air, such as may be found outside a moving aircraft. The air is delivered into a first turbine stage, driving that turbine stage to rotate, and then the air passes downstream to a second turbine stage.

The compressor compresses air which may be delivered for use in a cabin of the aircraft, or for other uses on the aircraft.

Housings are associated with each of the three sections.

SUMMARY

A turbine inlet housing for an air cycle machine has a main housing body which extends about a central axis, and is to receive a turbine rotor. An inlet duct extends away from the main housing body to provide an inlet duct for delivering air into a cavity within the main housing body. A plurality of bolt hole bosses are formed on a downstream face of the inlet housing. The bolt hole bosses will receive bolts to secure an outlet housing to the inlet housing. A plurality of the bosses have a ramped surface which extends radially outwardly for a greater extent than a second plurality of bosses. The plurality of ramped bosses extend between the downstream face and the duct. The ramped bosses have a forward boss portion, and a ramped surface at an angle of between 50 and 54 degrees extending from an upstream end of the forward boss portion. A curved surface curves from an upstream end of the ramped surface to merge into the duct. A turbine stage and air cycle machine are also disclosed and claimed.

These and other features of the invention will be better understood from the following specifications and drawings, the following of which is a brief description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an outside assembled air cycle machine.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view through an air cycle machine.

FIG. 3 shows a detail of a second stage turbine housing.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the FIG. 3 housing.

FIG. 5 shows a detail of the turbine housing.

FIG. 6 shows another detail of the housing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

An air cycle machine 20 is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 having a compressor housing 22 housing a compressor rotor 24. The compressor rotor 24 is driven by a shaft 25. A high pressure turbine stage is provided by a pair of housings 125 and 26. The housings 125 and 26, in combination, house a turbine rotor 28, which drives the shaft 25.

A second stage turbine includes a rotor 34 enclosed between an inlet housing 30 and an outlet housing 32 that also drives shaft 25. Rotor 34 is housed in a cavity or chamber 1004 within housing 30.

As shown, the inlet housing 30 includes a duct 40 that receives air downstream of the first turbine rotor 28. The inlet housing 30 could be said to be “upstream” of the outlet housing 32, in that air is received in the duct 40, passes across the second stage rotor 34, and leaves through the outlet housing 32.

FIG. 3 shows the inlet housing 30. The duct 40 has an internal flow passage 42. A plurality of bosses 44 and 46 are provided to receive bolts to secure the housing 32 to the housing 30. In a sense, the bosses 44 and 46 can be said to be formed on a face 100 of the housing 30, which is “downstream” in that it is the face that connects to the outlet housing 32. As can be appreciated from FIG. 3, the bosses 44 are generally cylindrical, but bosses 46 associated with the duct 40 have a ramped radially outwardly extending surface, which will be better explained below. Bosses 46 extend to a point 102 where they merge into duct 40. This point 1002 could be said to be upstream of downstream face 100.

FIG. 4 shows details of the inlet housing 30. As shown, the duct 40 has a diameter d₁. A main housing portion has an inner radius R₁ from a center x that will be the rotational axis of the rotor 24. A wall 100 of the housing 30 has a thickness t₁. In embodiments, d₁ may be 4.75″ (12.0 cm), R₁ 7.55″ (19.1 cm), and t₁ 0.12″ (0.30 cm).

As shown in FIG. 5, the ramped bosses 46 include a forward boss portion 52 receiving a bolt hole 50. A ramped surface 56 begins inwardly, or upstream of portion 52. Ramped surface 56 is at an angle A relative to a center y of the bolt hole 50. In one embodiment, A is 52 degrees. In embodiments, angle A was between 50 and 54 degrees. At a point 58, the angled surface ends and a curved ramp surface begins which merges into the duct 40.

The diameter of the bolt hole 50 is d₂ A distance t₂ is defined from the centerline y of bolt hole 50 radially outwardly to the end point 58 of the ramped surface 56. In embodiments, t₂ was 1.08″ (2.74 cm), and d₂ was 0.25″ (0.6 cm).

In embodiments, a ratio of t₂ to d₂ was between 4.2 and 4.4. A ratio of t₂ to t₁ was between 8.8 and 9.3. A ratio of d₁ to t₁ was between 39.3 and 39.8.

As shown in FIG. 6, there are 17 bosses 44/46 spaced circumferentially about the housing 30. The two ramped bosses 46 are defined as centered at angles B and C, relative to a radius T extending from a center x of the housing 30, and extending to be perpendicular to an outer surface of the duct 40. In one embodiment, B was 16.5 degrees and C was 37.7 degrees. In embodiments, B may be between 16.45 and 16.55 degrees, and C may be between 37.65 and 37.75 degrees.

A housing as disclosed above has beneficial features relative to the prior art. In particular, the ramped bosses operate to provide additional stability at highly stressed areas wherein the bolt holes 46 will be secured into the duct. The various geometries disclosed herein provide a housing which will be able to withstand the stresses, but also utilize a reduced amount of material.

Although an embodiment of this invention has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this invention. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A turbine inlet housing for an air cycle machine comprising: a main housing body extending about a central axis, and for receiving a turbine rotor, and an inlet duct extending away from said main housing body for delivering air into a cavity within said main housing body; and a downstream face of said main housing body for facing an outlet housing, and said duct being upstream of said downstream face; a plurality of bolt hole bosses formed on said downstream face of said main housing body, said bolt hole bosses for receiving bolts to secure an outlet housing to said turbine inlet housing, and a first plurality of said plurality of said bosses having a ramped surface extending radially outwardly for a greater extent than a second plurality of said plurality of said bosses, and said first plurality of ramped bosses extending between said downstream face and said duct, and said ramped bosses having a forward boss portion, and a ramped surface at an angle of between 50 and 54 degrees extending from an upstream end of said forward boss face, and a curved surface curving from an upstream end of said ramped surface to merge into said duct.
 2. The inlet housing as set forth in claim 1, wherein a ratio of a distance to the upstream end of said ramped surface measured perpendicularly from said center axis to a diameter of a bolt hole formed in said ramped boss is between 4.2 and 4.4.
 3. The inlet housing as set forth in claim 2, wherein a ratio of a diameter of said duct to a thickness of a wall in said main housing body is between 39.3 and 39.8.
 4. The inlet housing as set forth in claim 3, wherein said ratio of the distance to the upstream end of said ramped surface measured perpendicularly from said center axis to said thickness of said wall in said main housing body is between 8.8 and 9.3.
 5. The inlet housing as set forth in claim 1, wherein a ratio of a diameter of said duct to a thickness of a wall in said main housing body is between 39.3 and 39.8.
 6. The inlet housing as set forth in claim 1, wherein a ratio of the distance to the upstream end of said ramped surface measured perpendicularly from said center axis to a thickness of said wall in said main housing body is between 8.8 and 9.3.
 7. An air cycle machine comprising: a first stage turbine rotor, a second stage turbine rotor, and a compressor rotor, said first and second stage turbine rotors being secured to drive a shaft, and said compressor rotor being secured to rotate with said shaft, and said compressor rotor being axially intermediate said first and second stage turbine rotors; said first stage turbine rotor having a first stage housing, said compressor rotor having a compressor housing, said second stage turbine having a second stage turbine housing, with said second stage turbine rotor including an outlet housing which is bolted to an inlet housing; and said inlet housing having a main housing body extending about a central axis, and for receiving a turbine rotor, and an inlet duct extending away from said main housing body for delivering air into a cavity within said main housing body; a downstream face of said main housing body for facing said outlet housing, and said duct being upstream of said downstream face; and a plurality of bolt hole bosses formed on said downstream face of said main housing body, said bolt hole bosses for receiving bolts to secure an outlet housing to said turbine inlet housing, and a first plurality of said plurality of said bosses having a ramped surface extending radially outwardly for a greater extent than a second plurality of said plurality of said bosses, and said first plurality of ramped bosses extending between said downstream face and said duct, and said ramped bosses having a forward boss portion, and a ramped surface at an angle of between 50 and 54 degrees extending from an upstream end of said forward boss face, and a curved surface curving from an upstream end of said ramped surface to merge into said duct.
 8. The air cycle machine as set forth in claim 7, wherein a ratio of a distance to the upstream end of said ramped surface measured perpendicularly from said center axis to a diameter of a bolt hole formed in said ramped boss is between 4.2 and 4.4.
 9. The air cycle machine as set forth in claim 8, wherein a ratio of a diameter of said duct to a thickness of a wall in said main housing body is between 39.3 and 39.8.
 10. The air cycle machine as set forth in claim 9, wherein said ratio of the distance to the upstream end of said ramped surface measured perpendicularly from said center axis to said thickness of said wall in said main housing body is between 8.8 and 9.3.
 11. The air cycle machine as set forth in claim 7, wherein a ratio of a diameter of said duct to a thickness of a wall in said main housing body is between 39.3 and 39.8.
 12. The air cycle machine as set forth in claim 7, wherein a ratio of the distance to the upstream end of said ramped surface measured perpendicularly from said center axis to a thickness of said wall in said main housing body is between 8.8 and 9.3.
 13. A second stage turbine for use in an air cycle machine comprising: a turbine rotor received between an outlet housing and an inlet housing, said outlet housing and said inlet housing being connected by bolts; and said inlet housing having a main housing body extending about a central axis, and for receiving a turbine rotor, and an inlet duct extending away from said main housing body for delivering air into a cavity within said main housing body; and a downstream face of said main housing body for facing an outlet housing, and said duct being upstream of said downstream face; a plurality of bolt hole bosses formed on said downstream face of said main housing body, said bolt hole bosses for receiving bolts to secure an outlet housing to said turbine inlet housing, and a first plurality of said plurality of said bosses having a ramped surface extending radially outwardly for a greater extent than a second plurality of said plurality of said bosses, and said first plurality of ramped bosses extending between said downstream face and said duct, and said ramped bosses having a forward boss portion, and a ramped surface at an angle of between 50 and 54 degrees extending from an upstream end of said forward boss portion, and a curved surface curving from an upstream end of said ramped surface to merge into said duct.
 14. The second stage turbine as set forth in claim 13, wherein a ratio of a distance to the upstream end of said ramped surface measured perpendicularly from said outer axis to a diameter of a bolt hole formed in said ramped boss is between 4.2 and 4.4.
 15. The second stage turbine as set forth in claim 14, wherein a ratio of a diameter of said duct to a thickness of a wall in said main housing body is between 39.3 and 39.8.
 16. The second stage turbine as set forth in claim 15, wherein said ratio of the distance to the upstream end of said ramped surface measured perpendicularly from said center axis to said thickness of said wall in said main housing body is between 8.8 and 9.3.
 17. The second stage turbine as set forth in claim 13, wherein a ratio of a diameter of said duct to a thickness of a wall in said main housing body is between 39.3 and 39.8.
 18. The second stage turbine as set forth in claim 13, wherein a ratio of the distance to the upstream end of said ramped surface measured perpendicularly from said center axis to a thickness of said wall in said main housing body is between 8.8 and 9.3. 